Teide, or Mount Teide, (Spanish: El Teide, Pico del Teide, pronounced [ˈpiko ðel ˈtejðe], "Teide Peak") is a volcano on Tenerife while in the Canary Islands, Spain. Its summit (at three,715 m (twelve,188 ft)) is the best point in Spain and the highest place above sea amount in the islands on the Atlantic.
If calculated with the ocean floor, its height of seven,five hundred m (24,600 ft) helps make Teide the fourth-greatest volcano on the globe, which is explained by UNESCO and NASA as Earth's 3rd-tallest volcanic framework. However, as Teide was fashioned just one hundred seventy,000 several years in the past on account of volcanic exercise adhering to a catastrophic landslide, Teide's base is really located inside the Las Cañadas crater (the continues to be of the older, eroded, extinct volcano) in a peak of close to two,one hundred ninety m (7,190 ft) above sea degree. Teide's elevation earlier mentioned sea stage helps make Tenerife the tenth maximum island on earth. Teide is undoubtedly an active volcano: its newest eruption occurred in 1909 from your El Chinyero vent over the northwestern Santiago rift. The United Nations Committee for Disaster Mitigation selected Teide a Decade Volcano[ten] due to its history of destructive eruptions and its proximity to a number of big cities, of which the closest are Garachico, Icod de los Vinos and Puerto de la Cruz. Teide, Pico Viejo and Montaña Blanca sort the Central Volcanic Complicated of Tenerife.
The volcano and its environment comprise Teide Countrywide Park, that has a location of 18,900 hectares (47,000 acres) and was named a Environment Heritage Website by UNESCO in 2007.[eight] Teide is easily the most frequented purely natural marvel of Spain, the most visited national park in Spain and Europe and – by 2015 – the eighth most frequented on the planet, with a few 3 million site visitors yearly. In 2016, it was frequented by 4,079,823 people and vacationers, reaching a historical record. Teide Observatory, An important Global astronomical observatory, is located within the slopes on the mountain.
Prior to the 1496 Spanish colonization of Tenerife, the indigenous Guanches referred to a powerful determine residing in the volcano, which carries light, energy and the Sunlight. El Pico del Teide is the trendy Spanish name.[fifteen]
Teide was a sacred mountain for the aboriginal Guanches, so it absolutely was thought of a mythological mountain, as Mount Olympus was to The traditional Greeks. According to legend, Guayota (the devil) kidnapped Magec (the god of light as well as Solar) and imprisoned him In the volcano, plunging the globe into darkness. The Guanches asked their supreme god Achamán for clemency, so Achamán fought Guayota, freed Magec through the bowels of your mountain, and plugged the crater with Guayota. It is claimed that considering the fact that then, Guayota has remained locked inside of Teide. When taking place to Teide in the course of an eruption, it absolutely was customary to the Guanches to gentle bonfires to scare Guayota. Guayota is commonly represented as being a black Pet, accompanied by his host of demons (Tibicenas).
The Guanches also believed that Teide held up the sky. Many hiding locations found in the mountains comprise the continues to be of stone tools and pottery. These have been interpreted as remaining ritual deposits to counter the influence of evil spirits, like All those created by the Berbers of Kabylie. The Guanches thought the mountain being the spot that housed the forces of evil and by far the most evil determine, Guayota.[sixteen]
Guayota shares capabilities much like other highly effective deities inhabiting volcanoes, such as the goddess Pele of Hawaiian mythology, who life while in the volcano Kīlauea and is also regarded through the indigenous Hawaiians as answerable for the eruptions from the volcano.[17] The identical was genuine for The traditional Greeks and Romans, who thought that Vulcano and Mount Etna ended up chimneys of the foundry of the fire god Hephaestus (Vulcan in Latin).
In 1492, when Christopher Columbus arrived for the island of Tenerife, his crew claimed to discover flames coming from the highest mountain on the island (Teide).
Teide last erupted in 1909 through the El Chinyero vent,[23] about the Santiago Ridge. Historic volcanic action within the island is associated with vents over the Santiago or northwest rift (Boca Cangrejo in 1492, Montañas Negras in 1706,[23] Narices del Teide or Chahorra in 1798, and El Chinyero in 1909) and also the Cordillera Dorsal or northeast rift (Fasnia in 1704, Siete Fuentes and Arafo in 1705). The 1706 Montañas Negras eruption ruined the city and principal port of Garachico, as well as several lesser villages.[15]
Historical exercise linked to the Teide and Pico Viejo stratovolcanoes [23] transpired in 1798 from the Narices del Teide about the western flank of Pico Viejo. Eruptive substance from Pico Viejo, Montaña Teide and Montaña Blanca partly fills the Las Cañadas caldera.[22] The final explosive eruption involving the central volcanic centre was from Montaña Blanca all-around 2000 yrs in the past. The last eruption inside the Las Cañadas caldera transpired in 1798 with the Narices del Teide or Chahorra (Teide's Nostrils) over the western flank of Pico Viejo. The eruption was predominantly strombolian in model and almost all of the lava was ʻaʻā. This lava is seen beside the Vilaflor–Chio street.
Christopher Columbus reported observing "an awesome fireplace inside the Orotava Valley" as he sailed earlier Tenerife on his voyage to discover the New Entire world in 1492. This was interpreted as indicating that he experienced witnessed an eruption there. Radiometric courting of feasible lavas suggests that in 1492 no eruption happened within the Orotava Valley, but one did happen within the Boca Cangrejo vent.[23]
The last summit eruption from Teide transpired with regard to the calendar year 850 Advert, which eruption manufactured the "Lavas Negras" or "Black Lavas" that cover Significantly on the flanks from the volcano.[23]
About a hundred and fifty,000 a long time ago, a much larger explosive eruption transpired, most likely of Volcanic Explosivity Index 5. It made the Las Cañadas caldera, a substantial caldera at about two,000 m higher than sea stage, close to 16 km (9.9 mi) from east to west and 9 km (5.six mi) from north to south. At Guajara, within the south aspect with the composition, The inner walls increase as Nearly sheer cliffs from two,100 to 2,715 m (6,890 to 8,907 ft). The three,715 m (12,188 ft) summit of Teide alone, and its sister stratovolcano Pico Viejo (3,134 m (10,282 ft)), are both of those located while in the northern half in the caldera and so are derived from eruptions later than this prehistoric explosion.
Future eruptions may well incorporate pyroclastic flows and surges just like those who transpired at Mount Pelée, Merapi, Vesuvius, Etna, the Soufrière Hills, Mount Unzen and in other places. Through 2003, there was a rise in seismic activity with the volcano in addition to a rift opened within the north-east flank. No eruptive action happened but a amount of fabric, probably liquid, was emplaced to the edifice and is also estimated to possess a volume of ~1011 m3.[citation required] This sort of activity can point out that magma is increasing into your edifice, but is not often a precursor to an eruption.[15]
Teide In addition is taken into account structurally unstable and its northern flank has a particular bulge.[citation essential] The summit of the volcano has a variety of tiny Energetic fumaroles emitting sulfur dioxide along with other gases, like minimal amounts of hydrogen sulfide.
Potential eruptions may perhaps involve pyroclastic flows and surges comparable to those that happened at Mount Pelée, Merapi, Vesuvius, Etna, the Soufrière Hills, Mount Unzen and somewhere else. All through 2003, there was a rise in seismic exercise within the volcano plus a rift opened to the north-east flank. No eruptive action occurred but a quantity of fabric, perhaps liquid, was emplaced into your edifice which is believed to have a quantity of ~1011 m3.[citation essential] Such action can point out that magma is rising into your edifice, but is not really usually a precursor to an eruption.[fifteen]
Teide In addition is taken into account structurally unstable and its northern flank has a particular bulge.[citation essential] The summit of the volcano has many little active fumaroles emitting sulfur dioxide and also other gases, which includes reduced levels of hydrogen sulfide.
A scientific evaluation in 2006, published during the journal Eos, noticed that "before thirty,000 yrs, eruptions have happened in a fee of only 4 to 6 per millennium, having a predominance (70%) of incredibly lower hazard, basaltic eruptions".[36] The authors further commented that "the latest eruptive record, coupled with the readily available petrological and radiometric information, offers a rather optimistic outlook on main volcanic dangers associated with Teide and its rift zones, posing only pretty localized threats towards the a million inhabitants of Tenerife and also the 4.5 million yearly people to Teide Countrywide Park." Even so, A further examine in 2009 concluded that Teide will most likely erupt violently in the future, and that its composition is comparable to that of Vesuvius and Etna.[37] Consequently the magnitude of the chance posed by Teide to the public continues to be a source of discussion.
Inside a publication of 1626, Sir Edmund Scory, who probably stayed within the island in the initial a long time on the seventeenth century, offers a description of Teide, wherein he notes the suited paths to the best and the consequences its considerable peak brings about for travellers, indicating which the volcano were accessed through unique routes before the 17th century.[39] In 1715 the English traveler J. Edens and his bash made the ascent and described their observations while in the journal in the Royal Culture in London.[40]
Following the Enlightenment, the majority of the expeditions that went to East Africa as well as the Pacific experienced Teide as The most satisfying targets. The expedition of Lord George Macartney, George Staunton and John Barrow in 1792 almost led to tragedy, as An important snowstorm and rain swept around them and they failed to get to the peak of Teide, just hardly receiving past Montaña Blanca.[40][forty one]
The German scientist Alexander von Humboldt stopped in Tenerife through his voyage to South America in 1799 and climbed Teide with his travelling companion Aimé Bonpland and many neighborhood guides.[42]
For the duration of an expedition to Kilimanjaro, the German adventurer Hans Heinrich Joseph Meyer visited Teide in 1894 to observe ice circumstances about the volcano. He explained the two mountains as "two kings, one increasing while in the ocean and one other within the desert and steppes".[40]
More just lately in November 2017, Gema Hassen-Bey grew to become the 1st Paralympic athlete in the world in a very wheelchair to reach three,000 meters altitude with only the momentum of her arms. Originally, Gema desired to get to the best of Teide, Whilst, on account of weather conditions, she could not meet up with this goal.
The lava flows over the flanks of Teide climate to a very skinny but nutrient- and mineral-loaded soil that supports lots of plant species. Vascular flora consists of 168 plant species, 33 of which are endemic to Tenerife.[44]
Forests of Canary Island Pine (Pinus canariensis) with Canary Island juniper (Juniperus cedrus) happen from one,000 to two,a hundred metres (three,300–six,900 ft), covering the center slopes on the volcano and reaching an alpine tree line one,000 m (3,three hundred ft) reduced than that of continental mountains at related latitudes.[forty five][46] Inside the Las Cañadas caldera and at higher altitudes, plant species endemic on the Teide Nationwide Park include: the Teide white broom (Spartocytisus supranubius), which has white flowers; Descurainia bourgaeana, a shrubby crucifer with yellow flowers; the Canary Island wallflower (Erysimum scoparium), that has violet bouquets; and also the Teide bugloss (Echium wildpretii), whose purple flowers variety a pyramid as many as 3 m (9.eight ft) in peak.[forty seven] The Teide daisy (Argyranthemum teneriffae) are available at altitudes near 3,600 m (eleven,800 ft) earlier mentioned sea stage, as well as the Teide violet (Viola cheiranthifolia) are available suitable up on the summit, which makes it the best flowering plant in Spain.[forty eight]
These plants are tailored into the hard environmental problems within the volcano, for instance substantial altitude, powerful daylight, Excessive temperature variants, and insufficient dampness. Adaptations include hemispherical types, a downy or waxy address, a reduction of your uncovered leaf region, and large flower manufacturing.[forty six][forty nine] Flowering usually takes area from the late spring or early summertime, in May possibly and June.
Teide Countrywide Park consists of a large number of invertebrate species, in excess of forty% of which are endemic species, and 70 of which might be observed only from the National Park. The invertebrate fauna incorporates spiders, beetles, dipterans, hemipterans, and hymenopterae.[50]
In contrast, Teide National Park has just a minimal selection of vertebrate fauna.[51] Ten species of chicken nest there, such as the blue chaffinch (Fringilla teydea), Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii berthelotii), the Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria) along with a subspecies of kestrel (Falco tinnunculus canariensis).[fifty two][fifty three]
A few endemic reptile species are located in the park: the Canary Island lizard (Gallotia galloti galloti), the Canary Island wall gecko (Tarentola delalandii), along with the Canary Island skink (Chalcides viridanus viridanus).[51][fifty four] The one mammals indigenous to the park are bats, the commonest of which is Leisler's bat (Nyctalus leisleri). Other mammals, including the mouflon, the rabbit, the home mouse, the black rat, the feral cat, along with the North African hedgehog, have all been released on the park.
Teide is the most crucial image of Tenerife and the most emblematic normal monument with the Canary Islands. An image of Teide, gushing flames, appears in the centre of Tenerife's coat of arms. Above the volcano appears St. Michael, the patron saint of Tenerife. The flag colours on the island are darkish blue, historically recognized Along with the sea that surrounds the island, and white for that whiteness in the snow-coated peaks of Mount Teide all through winter. The emblem in the Cabildo de Tenerife (governing physique from the island) includes a image of Teide in eruption.
Teide has been depicted often all through background, from the earliest engravings produced by European conquerors to normal Canarian craft objects, within the again of a thousand-peseta notes, in oil paintings and on postcards.
While in the Canary Islands, especially on Tenerife, Teide has cultural symbolism deeply rooted in traditions and heritage. It truly is popularly known as Padre Teide (Father Teide).
eide National Park (Spanish: Parque nacional del Teide, pronounced [ˈpaɾke naθjoˈnal de ˈtejðe]) is really a national park situated in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain).
The countrywide park is centered on Mount Teide, the best mountain of Spain (3,718 meters higher) On top of that, the highest volcano during the Atlantic Ocean islands as well as the third highest volcano on the earth from its base while in the ocean ground (7.500 meters superior). Pico Viejo, also involved within the countrywide park restrictions, is the 2nd maximum volcano during the Canary Islands with its 3,one hundred thirty five m peak. Mount Teide and Pico Viejo are the only real two peaks inside the Canary islands mounting above the 3,000 m level.
The park has an area of eighteen,990 hectares situated in the municipality of La Orotava[citation necessary]. piscinas naturales en tenerife It absolutely was named a World Heritage Web site by UNESCO on June 28, 2007.[one] Considering that the end of 2007, it's got also been among the list of 12 Treasures of Spain. On a ridge, on the east of Teide, are definitely the telescopes in the Observatorio del Teide.
Teide is among the most frequented nationwide park in Spain and −by 2015− the eighth most visited on the planet,[two] with some 3 million site visitors yearly.[3] In 2016, it had been visited by four,079,823 guests and travellers achieving a historical history.[4][five]
There are early morning and afternoon coach journeys in the park, departing from chosen spots from the south of Tenerife's vacationer cities. Usage of the height requires a totally free allow that should be booked in advance.
The Teide Countrywide Park has a large historic value. This spot experienced a very important spiritual significance to aboriginal Guanches and crucial archaeological web sites are discovered inside the park. With the Guanches the Teide was an area of worship, they considered it had been the gate of hell (Echeyde).[7]
Countrywide park position was declared on January 22, 1954, which was among the list of third in Spain. In 1981 the park was reclassified and established as being a Specific authorized regime. In 1989, the Council of Europe awarded the eu Diploma of Safeguarded Places, in its maximum group. This recognition and conservation administration has become subsequently renewed in 1994, 1999 and 2004.
In celebration in the fiftieth anniversary of its transformation right into a nationwide park, in 2002 the paperwork was started to declare the park a UNESCO Earth Heritage Internet site. On June 28, 2007, immediately after 5 years of work and effort, UNESCO made a decision to declare the Teide Nationwide Park, Environment Heritage Website in the World Heritage Convention of UNESCO held in Christchurch, New Zealand. Teide Countrywide Park is usually at the conclusion of 2007, among the twelve Treasures of Spain.
Teide Countrywide Park is complementary for the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes Nationwide Park,[8] this is especially because of remaining in Each individual of these represented the volcanic structures and forms a lot less advanced magmas of these types of islands (Hawaii) and much more progressed and differentiated (Teide).[nine] Moreover, Teide Nationwide Park shares identical scenic features Along with the Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona, America.
The lava flows over the flanks of Teide climate to an extremely skinny, but nutrient and mineral rich soil that supports a various amount of plant species. Vascular flora consists of 168 plant species, 33 of that are endemic to Tenerife.[ten]
Forests of Canary Island pine (Pinus canariensis) manifest from 1000–2100 m, covering the center slopes of the volcano, and getting an alpine timberline a thousand m decreased than that of continental mountains of similar latitude.[eleven] At increased altitudes, the Las Cañadas caldera delivers adequate shelter for more fragile species including the Canary Island cedar (Juniperus cedrus), along with the Canary Island pine (Pinus canariensis) to develop.[twelve]
Essentially the most dominant plant species inside the Teide Countrywide Park are the Teide white broom (Spartocytisus supranubius), which